Fig. 2 shows p53 mutation spectra in lung adenocarcinomas, classified as smokers (A, n=33) or non-smokers (B, n=14) and asbestos-exposed (C, n=28) or not (D, n=19). Although p53 mutation spectra varied depending on the status of smoking history, they showed little difference between asbestos-exposed or non-exposed. Whereas smokers had frequent G:C to T:A transversions, which are smoking-associated p53 mutations, non-smokers had frequent G:C to A:T transitions at CpG sites associated with spontaneous mutations, consistent with previous reports (9,17). Here, TP53 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.