We have found that ciglitazone, a TZD and one of the synthetic PPARγ ligands, inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells through reduction of PDK1, a kinase and master regulator of a number of downstream signal cascades that are involved in suppression of apoptosis and promotion of tumor growth including lung cancer [13,21]. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.