BRAF and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: The emergence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma early in the course of BRAF-inhibitor therapy has been associated with paradoxical MAPK pathway activation during BRAF inhibition (173); interestingly, the incidence of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma in patients receiving the phase II dose of dabrafenib and trametinib combination was 7%, compared with 19% after dabrafenib monotherapy (172).