KSR1 and neoplasm: This event was accompanied by the synergistic inhibition of CRAF, pMEK, kinase suppressor of RAS (Ksr), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), the metabolic enzyme hexokinase II (Hxk II) and the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1), along with reduction of tumor volume in vivo (55).