BRAF and melanoma: This discovery rapidly led to the development of a selective mutant-BRAF-inhibitor, vemurafenib (PLX4032), which in an initial phase I study led to a response rate of 81% in melanoma patients, and in a randomized phase III clinical trial showed a significant increased efficacy compared to dacarbazine treatment: OS at 6 months was 84% in the vemurafenib group and 64% in the dacarbazine group, while the PFS were 5.3 and 1.6 months, respectively (4,5).