DDIT3 and neoplasm: Indeed, besides significantly impairing BRAFV600E and NRASQ61R melanoma cell growth and abrogating invasive tumor growth in organotypic skin culture, this combination not only induced upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related transcription factors p8 and CAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), but also significantly increased apoptosis (associated with the reduction of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1) (54).