While IRF7 presumably is an important regulator of the antiviral IFN response in fish, as in mammals [46], the suggested role of IRF4 as a negative regulator of TLR signalling and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice peritoneal macrophages [47] is interesting in view of the down-regulated antiviral state pre-challenge of fish fed the functional feeds and hence the possible implications for the positive effects post-infection. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is infection.