Therefore, to identify the specific responses of BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs to hMPV infection and to determine whether RSV and hMPV induce virus-specific responses from each subset, we examined co-stimulatory marker expression and cytokine production by donor-matched BDCA-1+ and BDCA-3+ mDCs after infection with hMPV and RSV. The gene discussed is CD1C; the disease is infection.