Specifically, IFN-I-independent, caspase-9, Apaf-1-dependent signaling trough RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS-mediated induction of Puma and Noxa transcription [36], [40]; or MAVS mediated IFN-I, IRF3, NF-ΚB-independent, caspase-3, -9-dependent [35]; or IFN-I, NF-ΚB-independent, RIG-I-TRAF3/TRAF2/TRAF6–mediated IRF3 interaction with Bax protein [38], [39] has been shown to activate mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in response to dsRNA or viral infection. The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is viral infectious disease.