During development, EPO was reported in the fetal central nervous system, in the spinal fluid of normal preterm and term infants [113,115] and in neonates in the cerebrospinal fluid that was elevated with hypoxia and with intraventricular hemorrhage, and did not correlate with plasma EPO concentration with EPO treatment, providing further suggestion that EPO does not cross the blood–brain barrier [116]. Here, EPO is linked to Intraventricular hemorrhage.