In rodent studies, EPO protection in heart ischemia or ischemic/reperfusion injury indicates the importance of EPO dosage and timing from the onset of ischemia or ischemia/reperfusion injury and suggests that even in the rat model, EPO administration does not reduce myocardial infarct size when administered 6 h or later from the initial time of occlusion, as would be the case in the REVEAL trial [222,223]. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is ischemia.