TNF and diabetes mellitus: Although an elevation in the circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β-1) has been observed in obese and diabetic individuals [20-24]; plasma levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) were found elevated in obese individuals thus, decreased in diabetics [25].