IFNG and bacterial vaginosis: For these reasons, further studies that examine the correlates between spontaneous clearance of chlamydial infections, the host cytokine response, the host microbiome, and metabolites such as indole, are essential for the successful development of a protective vaccine against Chlamydia. Further, understanding the nature and contribution of BV-associated bacteria and their indole-producing capacity and how this relates to the effectiveness of an IFNγ-mediated resolution of C. trachomatis infection may also guide the management of BV in C. trachomatis-infected patients in the future.