XBP1 and infection: For instance, the induction of Xbp-1 splicing after infection with JEV, TBEV, and USUV (Yu et al., 2006, 2013; Blazquez et al., 2013), the expression of CHOP during JEV infection, and the cleavage of ATF6 in TBEV-infected cells (Yu et al., 2006, 2013) have been described.