Depending on cell type and context, both VDR- and p53-signaling regulate many cellular functions that are of relevance for cancer development, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell survival (Murray-Zmijewski et al., 2006; Holick, 2007; McKeon and Melino, 2007; Vousden and Lane, 2007; Vousden and Prives, 2009; Haussler et al., 2012; Mason and Reichrath, 2013). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is cancer.