A unique signature of increased Th1 cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, TNFα, etc.)but decreased Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, etc.)was frequently observed in HCC tumor microenvironment and associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients (Ye et al., 2003). The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.