This may explain why CRMP-4 is linked to various cancers: its expression is associated with liver metastasis, poor survival in pancreatic cancer (Hiroshima et al., 2013 ▶) and neuroblastoma (Tan et al., 2013 ▶), whereas in prostate cancer CRMP-4 functions as a metastasis suppressor (Gao et al., 2010 ▶). This evidence concerns the gene DPYSL3 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.