We also examined the effects of pFTY720 on the levels of TNFα in MOG-reactive cells as levels of this cytokine are elevated in CSF, serum and post-mortem in the brain lesions of MS patients and may be linked to severity of lesions [57], despite anti-TNFα therapies not being beneficial in MS [58], [59]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.