ALB and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification [6], age [7], type of muscle relaxant [8], smoking [9], low albumin levels [10], duration of surgery [11], type of anesthesia [6,12], and other comorbidities [9] (like COPD, coronary artery disease, and kidney failure) are associated with the development of complications.