VCAM1 and leukemia: Recently, Andreeff and colleagues provided evidence of stroma-induced and alpha4-mediated NF-κB signaling in leukemia cells (75): Jacamo et al. have shown that VCAM1/VLA-4 activates NF-κB activation in leukemia and BM stromal cells and this crosstalk contributes to chemoresistance of leukemia cells (75).