While untreated NZB/W F1 mice go into long-term remission following a short course of combined cyclophosphamide, CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40L treatment, adenovirus (ADV)-IFNα-accelerated NZB/W F1 mice are only transiently affected (23), demonstrating the severity of the disease in this model, possibly representing the subset of SLE patients with IFNα-gene signature. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.