Omics methods have also been used to identify how HIV infection or Nef expression alone modifies the biology of the cell (Schrager and Marsh, 1999; Wang et al., 2000; Simmons et al., 2001; Kramer-Hammerle et al., 2005; van’t Wout et al., 2005; Berro et al., 2007; Ringrose et al., 2008; Kramer et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene S100B and HIV infectious disease.