IGF1R and diabetes mellitus: Since cancer can be considered as a “new complication” of diabetes (33) while there is also a clear relationship between hyperglycemia and incidence of cancer in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (34–38), we think that this hypothesis may be extended and that it is worthwhile to investigate whether hyperglycemia-induced activation of this alternative intracellular pathway of the IGF-IR is also involved in the development of cancer in diabetes.