PGF and preeclampsia: Interestingly, despite no effect of the vitamin trials on lowering the incidence of preeclampsia, antioxidant supplementation led to a significant decrease in the plasma concentration of sFlt-1 and an increase in the plasma concentration of PlGF (Poston et al., 2011), matching our in vitro findings and confirming the beneficial effect of antioxidants on VEGF signaling.