Moreover, the upregulated Tmod3, which codifies the tropomodulin (TMOD), an actin-capping protein for the slow-growing end of filamentous actin (Ito et al., 1995), may represent a need for the dynamic polymerization of actin cytoskeleton, probably in the Schwann cells of ALS nerve. Here, TMOD4 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.