A fully-human CXCR4-targeting moAb, MDX-1338/BMS-93656, able to prevent CXCL12 binding, abolished intracellular Ca2+ increase and chemotaxis induced by CXCL12 and it is under study to treat relapsed leukemia or, in combination with lenalidomide/dexamethasone or bortezomib/dexamethasone, relapsed/refractory MM (Kuhne et al., 2013). Here, CXCL12 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.