Various effects of lithium are caused by GSK-3β inhibition (Jope, 2011), and lithium administration reduces the neuropathology and cognitive deficits in rats that have received intra-hippocampal injections of Aβ (De Ferrari et al., 2003), rats overexpressing GSK-3β (Liu et al., 2010), and several murine models overexpressing human APP (Rockenstein et al., 2007b; Ghosal et al., 2009; Toledo and Inestrosa, 2010). The gene discussed is GSK3B; the disease is Cognitive impairment.