With a median follow-up of 37.4 months (range 3-80), the 8-year EFS of children whose leukemia blasts up-regulated IDO1 in response to IFN-γ was equal to 16.4% (SE 9.8), compared with 48.0% (SE 12.1) in children whose AML blasts were unresponsive to IFN-γ (Figure 5; p=0.035). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is leukemia.