Lastly, we compared β-catenin target gene expression among the three HCC groups; 1) patients with CTNNB1 mutations (MT), 2) patients with WT β-catenin gene but active Wnt signaling (+), and 3) those with WT β-catenin gene but lacking Wnt signaling (−). Here, CTNNB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.