SOX2 and neoplasm: Bovine oocyte extract treatment remodelled the epigenetic modifications at both tumour suppressor gene and oncogenic pluripotency gene promoters, leading to activation of the epigenetically silenced tumour suppressor genes and repression of the oncogenic gene SOX2. Furthermore, the treatment effectively inhibited the malignant cancer cell phenotype, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for bovine parthenogenetic oocyte extracts.