In order to determine whether LL-37-mediated enhanced neutrophil responses were secondary to modulation of pulmonary cytokine and chemokine responses, CBA (Cytometric Bead Array) and ELISA assays were performed on the BALF from LL-37-treated and control-treated infected mice at 6 and 24 hours after infection, to determine the concentrations of TNF, IL-6, MIP-2, KC, MCP-1, IL-10, IFNγ and IL-12. Here, CALCA is linked to infection.