The highly elevated serum IgE level in malaria infected patients with helminth co-infection in the current study might be a result of both malaria and helminth induced immune dysregulation which induces a shift in cytokine production from Th1 to Th2 [32] and the resulting polyclonal activation of B cells in which the production of cytokines (including IL-4 and IL-6) from Th2 cells increases synthesis of IgE. Here, IGHE is linked to malaria.