Our group has previously reported the immunostimulatory properties of the Mycobacterium leprae 65-kDa heat-shock protein (DNA-Hsp65), which is protective against M. tuberculosis[17-19] and effective as an immunomodulatory agent in several diseases, such as leishmaniasis [20], paracoccidioidomycosis [21], chromoblastomycosis [22], diabetes [23], arthritis [24], allergy [25] and phase I cancer trials [26,27]. The gene discussed is HSPD1; the disease is cancer.