INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: This may be due to adolescents presenting poorer adherence to insulin therapy [26] and a large proportion of T1DM + CD are diagnosed during this age.The absence of significant fluctuations in HbA1c levels in the children with T1DM + CD in our study may be a result of the regular screening practices, predisposing to the earlier diagnosis of CD, but also due to the high level of dietetic supervision that these children receive in our centre.