In addition, compared to T2D, the EGR2, IL1B and RGS1 genes were downregulated when compared to T1D (fold changes of 1.82, 13.96 and 3.08, respectively, for microarrays and 2.59, 47.83, and 9.95, respectively, for qRT-PCR), and downregulated when compared to GDM (fold changes of 2.22, 11.11 and 4.34, respectively, for microarrays, and 2.82, 14.50, and 18.36, respectively, for qRT-PCR). Here, IL1B is linked to gestational diabetes.