GDM patients presented several genes that were induced compared to T1D patients, including toll-like receptors (TLR6, TLR7), carbohydrate binding genes (LGALS3, LGALS12, CLEC7A, CLEC1B), plasma membrane receptors (IL5RA, CCR1), MHC genes (HLA-DRB3), solute carrier family genes (SLC6A10P, SLC6A4, SLC1A5, SLC4A1, SLC8A1, SLC6A17, SLC16A3, SLC6A8, SLC14A1), cluster of differentiation genes (CD9, CD33, CD36), and chemokines (CXCL5, CCL15, CXCL12, CXCL10). Here, CXCL12 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.