IL1B and gestational diabetes: These macrophage genes were co-regulated with those appearing in diabetic complications such as angiopathy and retinopathy, including the IL1B and RGS1 genes, as seen in Figure 6A, B and C. As we also observed that increased glucose levels were associated with the development of retinopathy, it is possible that the effect of high glucose levels on macrophages might be involved in the creation of GDM complications.