MMP3 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: For instance, AP-1-mediated MMP3 activation [48], NF-κB-mediated MMP9 activation [22], JNK/AP-1/DNMT/E-cadherin silencing [49] and downregulation of microRNA-144- mediated PTEN activation [50], these pathways have been reported to promote migration ability in NPC.