The NGFRAP1 protein notably interacts with TSC1[30], a protein responsible for TSC, a genetic disorder in which infantile spasms is a common feature; 3) a pateral1y inherited 1.6 Mb duplication at Xp22.31 in S163 that contains two OMIM genes of STS and VCX3A (chrX:6,451,691- 8,115,193). Here, VCX3A is linked to infantile spasms.