AR and neoplasm: Roughly ten different major signal transduction pathways can drive tumor growth: estrogen and androgen receptor pathways (ER, AR), the developmental pathways Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, TGFbeta, and FGF, the inflammatory NFkappaB pathway, and a number of related growth factor PI3K pathways [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14].