APOB and familial hypercholesterolemia: A well-known example of such a monogenic dominant disorder, that underlies atherosclerosis, is Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH), caused by loss of function (LOF) causing mutations in the genes encoding for the Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) or Apolipoprotein B (APOB), or gain of function (GOF) mutations in Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).