Another evidence of TGFβ and Notch signaling upregulation at later stages of pancreatic adenocarcinoma was the concomitant upregulation of the gene encoding the TGFβ- and Notch-related target CyclinD1 (Fig. 6), involved both in neo-vessel formation and cancer metastases during the later stages of tumor development (Kornmann et al., 1999; Wang et al., 2006a; Wang et al., 2006b). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.