These two different spatiotemporal patterns of TGFβ expression confirm the idea that TGFβ has a double role: at early stages of carcinogenesis, the activity of TGFβ in most KRASG12D-positive cells is likely to be post-mitotic, possibly acting as tumor suppressor; by contrast, at later stages, TGFβ expression in stromal cells surrounding the tumor could indicate a proinflammatory and oncogenic effect (McCleary-Wheeler et al., 2012). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.