TGFB1 and prostate cancer: TGF-β1 is involved in cellular proliferation, redifferentiation, angiogenesis, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), the process by which epithelial cells lose cell polarity and cell-to-cell adhesion, gaining migratory and invasive properties, and it has been associated with metastasis in prostate cancer models [37–41].