Epilepsy features NFκB-induced upregulation of NOS II gene expression with NO-, ∙O2−-, and ONOO−-dependent decrease of Complex I activity and increased Complex-III-dependent ∙O2− production of epileptic brain mitochondria; seizure-related ROS formation and a protective effect of acetyl-l-carnitine indicate concomitant OS in epilepsy [147–150]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is epilepsy.