TBX3 and breast cancer: Numerous overexpression studies have suggested a role for TBX3 in breast cancer ((Liu et al., 2011) and references therein) and recent papers have reported the tumorigenic and proinvasive effects of overexpressed TBX3 in melanoma cells (Peres et al., 2010; Peres and Prince, 2013) which may derive in part from TBX3 repression of E-cadherin expression (Rodriguez et al., 2008).