Khachatryan et al. [136] demonstrated that mutations in MEFV gene are associated with a shift in the Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria phyla and that patients with familial Mediterranean fever have a lower microbial diversity. MYD88 gene is involved in communications between sensors of microbial products during inflammatory responses and loss of MYD88 compromises the innate immune response to pathogens [137]. Here, MYD88 is linked to familial Mediterranean fever.