AVP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Ljung et al. (30) reported increases of around 200% in cortisol concentrations following treatment with CRH, and Pasquali et al. (31) reported increases in cortisol concentrations of 325% after CRH and AVP stimulation of age-matched premenopausal eumenorrheic women with different obesity phenotypes.