Studies on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have demonstrated an upregulation of Tim-3 on exhausted T cells, and blockade of Tim-3 signaling could restore T cell proliferation and cytokine production [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. The gene discussed is HAVCR2; the disease is multiple sclerosis.