This difference was more pronounced at 4.5 h post-infection, where approximately 25% of autophagosome-like vacuoles had been transformed into acidic vesicles (emitting red fluorescence) in WT MEFs, while the proportion of red-emitting vacuoles in PRIP-DKO MEFs was as low as 5% (Figure 2B, C), suggesting impairment of autophagic flux. This evidence concerns the gene PLCL1 and infection.