INS and lipodystrophy: Adipose tissue deficiency or lipodystrophy is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation [128]. Adiponectin knockout mice show impaired insulin secretion, and intravenous adiponectin injection into C57BL/6 mice induces insulin secretion [129, 130]. AdipoR1 and 2 double knockout mice have increased triglyceride levels in the liver and exhibit insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, suggesting that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 regulate lipid and glucose homeostasis [14, 131].