In order to determine the efficacy of an active CTL-mediated immune responses against Flk-1 in tumor immunotherapy, three separate Lm-based vaccines were constructed based on regions of Flk-1 with vaccines targeting extracellular portions of the protein, Lm-Flk-E1 and Lm-Flk-E2, and intracellular, Lm-Flk-I1 (Seavey et al., 2009a). This evidence concerns the gene KDR and neoplasm.