This concept of VDR sensitive vs. resistant models was also exploited in prostate cancer to identify the critical VDR transcriptional targets that mediate antiproliferative sensitivity and again also identified cell cycle and signal transduction components including GADD45A and MAPKAPK2 that were required to mediate the sensitivity of cells to 1α,25(OH)2D3. This evidence concerns the gene VDR and prostate cancer.