A few years later, tau was demonstrated to make up the paired-helical filaments (PHFs) which form the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) found in AD brain and to be abnormally phosphorylated in these structures (Grundke-Iqbal et al., 1986; Goedert et al., 1988; Kosik et al., 1988; Wischik et al., 1988). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.