Compared to the IPs and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs, 6 cases), the percentage of Gal-9-immunopositive cells (Fig. 7E) was downregulated in NECRS (post-hoc comparisons, P=0.02 for both) and ECRS (post-hoc comparisons, P=0.0006 and P=0.003, respectively). The gene discussed is LGALS9; the disease is squamous cell carcinoma.