Much of our findings are consistent with those demonstrated in other tumor types, however (13,14,16,17), the novelty of our findings include demonstration that CSC-associated group of genes are upregulated in EC tumor cells and metformin suppresses these genes and effectively decrease ALDH1+ CSCs tumor sphere formation, indicating a metformin targeting CSC population in EC cells. Here, ALDH1A1 is linked to neoplasm.