SNCA and Alzheimer disease: For example, for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most well-established measurements for detection and tracking of the preclinical and clinical stages of AD include CSF measures of Aβ42, total tau (t-tau) and phospho-tau (p-tau) [21], while for Parkinson’s disease (PD) probably the most promising is the assay of alpha-synuclein for the diagnosis and evolution of the disease [22].